Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...
CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Fundamentals of random variables; mean-squared estimation; limit theorems and convergence; definition of random processes; autocorrelation and stationarity; Gaussian and Poisson ...
Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and random processes form a central framework for modelling systems influenced by inherent uncertainties. These mathematical constructs are used to rigorously ...
We describe a new class of self-similar symmetric α-stable processes with stationary increments arising as a large time scale limit in a situation where many users are earning random rewards or ...
Researchers have gained a new understanding of how the brain processes reward and risk information. A study by neuroscientists Raymundo Báez-Mendoza from the German Primate Center (DPZ)—Leibniz ...